When did first compiler start to appear?

Towards the end of the 1950s machine-independent programming languages were first proposed. Subsequently several experimental compilers were developed.

The first compiler was written by Grace Hopper, in 1952, for the A-0 programming language.

The FORTRAN team led by John Backus at IBM is generally credited as having introduced the first complete compiler in 1957.

COBOL was an early language to be compiled on multiple architectures, in 1960.

Now compiler can be implemented even as a student project.